Design and Implementation of an Open-Source Security Operations Center for Effective Cyber Threat Detection and Response

• The study presents a cost-effective, open-source Security Operations Center (SOC) architecture utilizing tools like Wazuh, Suricata, and The Hive to detect and respond to cybersecurity threats in small and medium-sized organizations.
• The architecture effectively detects various cyber threats, including brute-force attacks, malware downloads, and denial-of-service attacks, while offering automated incident response, compliance monitoring, and configuration assessment.
• Compared to existing frameworks, the proposed design incorporates unique features like standalone threat intelligence, comprehensive compliance monitoring, and a detailed case management system to enhance cybersecurity resilience.

This study addresses the growing need for effective cybersecurity solutions by designing an open-source Security Operations Center (SOC) tailored for small and medium-sized enterprises. Recognizing the increasing frequency and sophistication of cyberattacks—ranging from ransomware to SQL injections—the proposed architecture integrates multiple components to ensure comprehensive threat detection, response, and compliance monitoring. Key tools include Wazuh for extended detection and response (XDR) and security information and event management (SIEM), Suricata for network intrusion detection, and The Hive for case management. The architecture focuses on providing full visibility across digital assets while remaining affordable and scalable for organizations with limited resources.

The architecture’s implementation follows a two-phase approach: tool selection, operational design, and infrastructure setup and testing. Tools were selected based on open-source availability, scalability, and seamless integration capabilities. Wazuh, chosen for its multifunctional platform, manages log collection, threat detection, and automated incident response. Suricata detects network anomalies, while The Hive handles case management and incident investigation. These components collect and analyze data from various endpoints, monitor vulnerabilities, assess compliance, and provide actionable intelligence. The operational architecture ensures a streamlined data flow, enabling rapid detection and response to security incidents.

Testing the architecture involved simulating various cyberattack scenarios, including brute-force login attempts, malware downloads, and denial-of-service attacks. The system detected and mitigated each scenario, demonstrating the architecture’s effectiveness. For instance, Wazuh’s active response module identified multiple failed login attempts and automatically blocked malicious IP addresses. Compliance assessments were conducted to ensure alignment with standards like PCI DSS, HIPAA, and GDPR, with vulnerability detection modules scanning for outdated software and misconfigurations. These capabilities underscore the architecture’s comprehensive threat management, from detection to resolution.

Compared to previous SOC designs, the proposed architecture introduces several enhancements, including standalone threat intelligence integration, configuration assessment, and compliance monitoring—features often missing in similar frameworks. By providing a detailed mapping of components and practical application through real-world attack scenarios, the study offers a valuable and accessible solution for organizations seeking robust cybersecurity infrastructure without incurring high costs. Future research could explore automating the deployment process and leveraging artificial intelligence to enhance detection accuracy and response speed, reinforcing the architecture’s potential as a scalable and effective cybersecurity solution.

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